Essay Minorities in Congress - 4213 Words

Minorities in Congress In forming a government for the people, by the people, and of the people, our Founding Fathers developed the idea a bi-cameral legislature. This Congress, composed of the House of Representatives and Senate, thus became known as the people’s branch of government. American children are taught in schools that anyone can be elected to Congress, so long as they meet the qualifications of the Constitution. So long as you meet the age and residency requirements you are indeed qualified to be a candidate for Congress. If we take a more in-depth look at the composition of Congress we see a body disproportionate with its Nation. Congress has maintained a fairly homogenous make-up since its founding even into the†¦show more content†¦The 2000 elections introduced the 107th Congress. While the body has diversified, the U.S. Congress remains a largely white male institution. Currently, there are no black or Hispanic senators. Nine percent of House members are black and four perce nt are Hispanic. For comparison, Blacks comprise thirteen percent of the U.S. population and Hispanics twelve percent. Women historically fare better, particularly in the Senate where they now hold thirteen seats, the most seats in history. The 435-member House has 59 women members, up slightly from the 56 of the 106th Congress. These numbers translate to approximately a fourteen percent membership for women in the House of Representatives. While women have gained seats in Congress, this thirteen/fourteen percent composition is lacking considering women make up about half the population. As society becomes more â€Å"minority-aware† a focus has turned on a sections of the population previously hidden or unheard. Three House members are openly gay, and two lawmakers, Senator Max Cleland, and freshman Representative Jim Langevin, both democrats, use wheelchairs. These numbers indicate today’s Congressional members are overwhelmingly able-bodied and heterosexual. The Sena te is prone to even less diversity with 2001 seeing no change in its minority composition. The Senates fair-skinned minority population stayed at three: Hawaiis Daniel Akaka, a native Hawaiian; Daniel Inouye, an American of JapaneseShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Activist Malcolm X1631 Words   |  7 PagesJohn F. Kennedy, and he was the one that originally proposed the law to congress (Krogstand). Congress at the time was not in agreeance with the law whatsoever, but an event pushed them to pass the law. President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, which sent a shock through the U.S.A. This pushed congress to pass the law, largely because of the public feeling sympathetic, and in reflection of the sympathy they pushed congress to pass a law in their reflection of feeling for John F. Kenedy (â€Å"Today†)Read MoreCongress, the Committees, and the House V.S. the Senate Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesCongress has many functions to keep it working and functioning. They do man y things to make laws, make sure they’re fair, and much more. There are also many committees with important jobs. There are many things that influence congressional elections such as reapportionment, redistricting, much more. There are many people who make up the House and Senate and they have many important jobs to keep things running smoothly. One function of Congress is lawmaking. It is one of their main jobs to makeRead MoreJames Madison s Ideology Of Democracy1504 Words   |  7 PagesMadison stressed that there needs to be a prevention of a tyranny, whether it be a minority or majority, in order to maintain the rights of the people. This is different from majoritarian democracy because it only takes into account the sentiment of the majority while disregarding the minority completely for the sake of the greater good. Madisonian democracy takes consideration the rights and voices of the minority. The Civil Rights Movement highlighted the horrible quality of democracy in the nationRead MoreRepresentation Of The House Of Representatives1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe legislature of the United States consists of two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The bicameral system was created by the Founding Fathers in order to carry out one of the most imperative functions of Congress, representation amongst othe r function such as legislation, deliberation and scrutiny. The Senate ensures each state is equally represented with two congressmen, equally the House of Representatives also has to carry out the function of representation but its representativesRead MoreIs The Electoral College System Ever Since The World?1240 Words   |  5 Pagesrepresentative in Congress. Proportional representation is a way of being in between our current system and majoritarianism. It calls for representation to be based on what percentage of votes each party gets. For example, if 28 percent of Americans voted for the Democratic party, 46 percent voted for the Republican party, and 26 percent of the votes was split up between minority parties, then 28 percent of Congress would be Democrat, 46 percent would be Republican, and 26 percent of Congress would be splitRead MoreTexas s Voter Id Law1633 Words   |  7 Pageslean towards Democratic opinions. Certain Justices of the Court, like Ginsburg, might find th is as proof that with the voter ID law, Texas legislatures are trying to refrain from demographic changes of the state. The law is discriminatory against minorities and poor voters in that not all of these individuals have one of the acceptable forms of identification. Accessing one of these forms of identification could be costly and inconvenient. In order to obtain a Texas ID or drivers license, one mustRead MoreBill Legislation, Appropriation Bills, And Entitlement Legislation1349 Words   |  6 Pages Many Americans find the government confusing and don t undress and how things like Congress work. However what seems to be the most difficult is actually pretty simple. What people find the most confusing is the volume of legislation pending before congress and the system of how congress distributes their work. When wanting to understand the legislation process you need to think of the three main categories. These categories are Authorizing Legislation, Appropriation Bills, and En titlement LegislationRead MoreEssay on Elitism in American Politics1590 Words   |  7 Pagesto veto a bill for example but can easily be over turned by a three-thirds vote in Congress. Also, the president cannot declare war with out the permission and agreement of Congress. The president can even be impeached and removed from office if the Congress chooses to do so. The Congress has nearly power, the decision on how much taxes citizens pay everyday and what wars we engage in also is decided in the congress. And the legislative branch dictates any additional power given to the executiveRead MoreThe Danger Of Factions By James Madison1019 Words   |  5 Pageswarned, among several cautions, about factions, specifically a tyranny of the majority, when writing under the alias as PUBLIUS in The Federalist Papers. According to Madison in Federalist 10, a faction is a group of citizens, either a majority or minority, who group together by a common purpose or goal (2013, pg. 628). He a rgued that when governments are ruled by factions, â€Å"...the public good is disregarded†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and rulings of the government are made by an â€Å"overbearing majority,† instead of by the â€Å"Read MoreU.s. Congressional Presidential System966 Words   |  4 Pagescandidate-centered (as opposed to party centered), and a resulting Congress where power is often, but not always, concentrated in committees (not party leadership). The comparison of the U.S. Congressional/Presidential system to parliamentarian system can be traced back to Woodrow Wilsons Congressional Government, where he viewed the British system as perfected party government system. The United States Congressional/Presidential system has Congress as the central power and is referred to as a singular form

World Religion Christianity the Most Widespread Religion...

All over the world, there are many people who believe in something or someone of a higher power. There are about five billion people who believe in a higher power (Tiemann 526). There are six world religions that have followers all around the world. The six world religions are Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Many of these religions are monotheistic, which is the belief of only one god or one higher power. There are also polytheistic believers, which is the belief in many or more than one god. These six world religions have a lot in common and they also have their differences that make their certain religion or belief special to them. Christianity is the most widespread religion in the world with two†¦show more content†¦Muhammad is a prophet of God. The book that Muslims read is called the Qur’an and Muslims believed it to be the word of their God, Allah. This religion is also an example of monotheism. One of the practices that believers of this religion do is ritual prayers which they pray five times a day. There are five pillars Muslims do to prove that they are true believers. They must recognize Allah as the one true God and Muhammad as God’s messenger, practice ritual prayers, give to the poor, fast during the month of Ramadan and make a pilgrimage to the Mecca (Alkouatli 72-82). The actual word for making a pilgrimage to the Mecca is called the hajj. The hajj is made over five days in the twelfth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. They are required to make the pilgrimage at least once in their life if they are physically and materially able to do so. The Ka’bah is a cube shap ed structure made of stone which is known as God’s house (Islam Orgins). When Muslims perform their ritual prayer, they must pray in the director of the cube where ever they are in the world. Another world religion is Judaism. This religion is a predominately practice in Israel with about fifteen million followers. This religion makes up the majority of the population in Israel. Judaism is the oldest monotheistic religion and it influenced both Christianity and Islam religions (Wool 9). The sacred texts the Jews read are called the Torah, Tanakh, andShow MoreRelatedChristianity And The Rise Of Christianity1395 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity is the historical religion stemming from the teachings of Jesus Christ in the 1st century AD. â€Å"Of all the great religions Christianity is the most widespread and has the largest number of adherents.† It is the world’s largest and most influential religion in history. Christianity can be found on every corner of the globe with nearly two billion followers at the beginning of the 21st century. It is the predominant religion in Europe, the Americas, and Southern Africa. This religion basedRead MoreChristianity And Buddhism And Christianity1468 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity and Buddhism exist as two of the predominant religions throughout the world. While Buddhism ranks around fifth in number of followers of religions, it is the third most widespread religion behind Christianity and Islam. Buddhism and Christianity are arrantly distinct in their principle standpoints: Buddhism rejects the existence of a greater being and Christianity proudly professes the power of a universal God. However, despite this rigid dissimilarity, both religions developed and spreadRead MoreChristianity And Its Effect On The World1128 Words   |  5 Pages Since the religion of Christianity was first practiced, it has been spread to the far reaches of the world. The spread of the religion has led to some major political, social, and economic consequences. Christianity started as a small sect of Judaism and has become the most practiced religion in the world. Aided by cultural diffusion, missionaries, and wa r, the church expanded and more. There have been many causes for the spread of Christianity, and it has led to numerous effects. Many of theseRead MoreComparison And Contrast Of World Religions1194 Words   |  5 PagesComparison and Contrast of World Religions The religions of the world, while differing greatly in their specifics, are surprisingly similar. The three most prevalent religions in the world are Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, in that order. All believe in a higher power that presides over and created man. Islam originated in approximately 609 C.E., or Common Era, and Christianity originated around 33 C.E. which is supposedly when Jesus Christ was crucified. The main prophet of Islam, MuhammadRead MoreDiffusion And Diffusion Of Diffusion1645 Words   |  7 Pagesto the new location. Examples of traits that some people bring with them are their languages, certain mannerisms, religions, their dress and even their diet. One example of a trait that is highly diffused is Christianity. We can see from the map on page 28 and 29 that Christianity is a religion that is highly diffused throughout many countries. From the map it shows that Christianity is found in locations such as Australia, Brazil, USA and Russia (Smith 28,29). Another type of diffusion is expansionRead MoreReligion Is An Important Part Of Life For Many People1397 Words   |  6 PagesReligion can be defined as a philosophy based on spiritual beliefs. Religion is an important part of life for many people. For many years, people from all across the globe have looked at religion as a way of having a method of understanding the unfathomable. Religion sets a guideline for individuals to have a set of beliefs that influence their daily lives, including how they perceive things, and how they act. No matter what someone believes in it is important to understand different religions becauseRead MoreEvolution of Abrahamic Religions 1022 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution of Abrahamic Religions â€Å"Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee.† Genesis 17:5. This is a direct excerpt from the king james Bible where God is renaming Abram to Abraham. Abraham became the father of many nations and to day three of the most popular religions that span many people groups and ethnicities can trace the roots of their beliefs back to Abraham. Three main religions sprouted from AbrahamicRead MoreReligion: The Kerosene that Enlarges the Fire943 Words   |  4 Pages Religion has been utilized by many cultures throughout history not only as a venue for people to find a higher power to call on, but it also allows societies to create communities that serve a central purpose. Religion has given communities the ability to have distinct moral guidelines, appoint leaders and followers and set a standard for every member of the religion. Although religion creates order in our world, it has initiated some of the worst divisions amongst mankind. At the root of all conflictsRead MoreThe Various Religions in Africa and Religions African-Americans Preach1030 Words   |  5 PagesThe Various Religions in Africa and Religions African-Americans Preach My assignment is to write about the various religions that are situated in Africa and religions African-Americans preach. There are many different religions in Africa because there are various regions and countries in Africa. Also Africa and its inhabitants have been around for many, many years. One reason that there are so many different religions. The first and most widespread religion I am going to talk about is ChristianityRead MoreReligion Is A Spiritual Way Of Life1266 Words   |  6 PagesReligion is a spiritual way of life that tells you how to act in this life and ultimately affects life after death. It is something that is completely faith-based because there is no way to prove whether or not it is real. It doesn’t matter what religion you choose to follow; it is imperative to have an understanding of other religions of the world. The knowledge of other religions gives you the understanding needed to not be afraid of the unknown. A great example of this is after 9-11, our country

The Vampire Diaries Dark Reunion Chapter Six Free Essays

Vickie’s house was on a corner, and they approached it from the side street. By now the sky was filled with heavy purple clouds. The light had an almost underwater quality. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Six or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Looks like it’s going to storm,† Matt said. Bonnie glanced at Damon. Neither he nor Stefan liked bright light. And she could feel the Power emanating from him, like a low thrum just under the surface of his skin. He smiled without looking at her and said, â€Å"How about snow in June?† Bonnie clamped down on a shiver. She had looked Damon’s way once or twice in the barn and found him listening to the story with an air of detached indifference. Unlike Stefan, his expression hadn’t changed in the slightest when she mentioned Elena-or when she told about Sue’s death. What did he really feel for Elena? He’d called up a snowstorm once and left her to freeze in it. What was he feeling now? Did he even care about catching the murderer? â€Å"That’s Vickie’s bedroom,† said Meredith. â€Å"The bay window in the back.† Stefan looked at Damon. â€Å"How many people in the house?† â€Å"Two. Man and woman. The woman’s drunk.† Poor Mrs. Bennett, thought Bonnie. â€Å"I need them both asleep,† Stefan said. In spite of herself, Bonnie was fascinated by the surge of Power she felt from Damon. Her psychic abilities had never been strong enough to sense its raw essence before, but now they were. Now she could feel it as clearly as she could see the fading violet light or smell the honeysuckle outside Vickie’s window. Damon shrugged. â€Å"They’re asleep.† Stefan tapped lightly on the glass. There was no response, or at least none Bonnie could see. But Stefan and Damon looked at each other. â€Å"She’s half tranced already,† Damon said. â€Å"She’s scared. I’ll do it; she knows me,† said Stefan. He put his fingertips on the window. â€Å"Vickie, it’s Stefan Salvatore,† he said. â€Å"I’m here to help you. Come let me in.† His voice was quiet, nothing that should have been heard on the other side of the glass. But after a moment the curtains stirred and a face appeared. Bonnie gasped aloud. Vickie’s long, light brown hair was disheveled, and her skin was chalky. There were huge black rings under her eyes. The eyes themselves were fixed and glassy. Her lips were rough and chapped. â€Å"She looks possessed,† Bonnie whispered back, unnerved. Stefan just said, â€Å"Vickie, open the window.† Mechanically, like a windup doll, Vickie cranked one of the side panels of the bay window open, and Stefan said, â€Å"Can I come in?† Vickie’s glazed eyes swept over the group outside. For a moment Bonnie thought she didn’t recognize any of them. But then she blinked and said slowly, â€Å"Meredith†¦ Bonnie†¦ Stefan? You’re back. What are you doing here?† â€Å"Ask me in, Vickie.† Stefan’s voice was hypnotic. â€Å"Stefan†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There was a long pause and then: â€Å"Come in.† She stepped back as he put a hand on the sill and vaulted through. Matt followed him, then Meredith. Bonnie, who was wearing a mini, re-mained outside with Damon. She wished she’d worn jeans to school today, but then she hadn’t known she’d be going on an expedition. â€Å"You shouldn’t be here,† Vickie said to Stefan, almost calmly. â€Å"He’s coming to get me. He’ll get you too.† Meredith put an arm around her. Stefan just said, â€Å"Who?† â€Å"Him. He comes to me in my dreams. He killed Sue.† Vickie’s matter-of-fact tone was more frightening than any hysteria could have been. â€Å"Vickie, we’ve come to help you,† Meredith said gently. â€Å"Everything’s going to be all right now. We won’t let him hurt you, I promise.† Vickie swung around to stare at her. She looked Meredith up and down as if Meredith had suddenly changed into something unbelievable. Then she began to laugh. It was awful, a hoarse burst of mirth like a hacking cough. It went on and on until Bonnie wanted to cover her ears. Finally Stefan said, â€Å"Vickie, stop it.† The laughter died into something like sobs, and when Vickie lifted her head again, she looked less glassy eyed but more genuinely upset. â€Å"You’re all going to die, Stefan,† she said, shaking her head. â€Å"No one can fight him and live.† â€Å"We need to know about him so we can fight him. We need your help,† Stefan said. â€Å"Tell me what he looks like.† â€Å"I can’t see him in my dreams. He’s just a shadow without a face.† Vickie whispered it, her shoulders hunching. â€Å"But you saw him at Caroline’s house,† Stefan said insistently. â€Å"Vickie, listen to me,† he added as the girl turned away sharply. â€Å"I know you’re frightened, but this is important, more important than you can understand. We can’t fight him unless we know what we’re up against, and you are the only one, the only one right now who has the information we need. You have to help us.† Stefan’s voice was unyielding. â€Å"I have a way to help you remember,† he said. â€Å"Will you let me try?† Seconds crawled by, then Vickie gave a long, bubbling sigh, her body sagging. â€Å"Do whatever you want,† she said indifferently. â€Å"I don’t care. It won’t make any difference.† â€Å"You’re a brave girl. Now look at me, Vickie. I want you to relax. Just look at me and relax.† Stefan’s voice dropped to a lulling murmur. It went on for a few minutes, and then Vickie’s eyes drooped shut. â€Å"Sit down.† Stefan guided her to sit on the bed. He sat beside her, looking into her face. â€Å"Vickie, you feel calm and relaxed now. Nothing you remember will hurt you,† he said, his voice soothing. â€Å"Now, I need you to go back to Saturday night. You’re upstairs, in the master bedroom of Caroline’s house. Sue Carson is with you, and someone else. I need you to see-â€Å" â€Å"No!† Vickie twisted back and forth as if trying to escape something. â€Å"No! I can’t -â€Å" â€Å"Vickie, calm down. He won’t hurt you. He can’t see you, but you can see him. Listen to me.† As Stefan spoke, Vickie’s whimpers quieted. But she still thrashed and writhed. â€Å"You need to see him, Vickie. Help us fight him. What does he look like?† â€Å"He looks like the devil!† It was almost a scream. Meredith sat on Vickie’s other side and took her hand. She looked out through the window at Bonnie, who looked back wide eyed and shrugged slightly. Bonnie had no idea what Vickie was talking about. â€Å"Tell me more,† Stefan said evenly. Vickie’s mouth twisted. Her nostrils were flared as if she were smelling something awful. When she spoke, she got out each word separately, as if they were making her sick. â€Å"He wears†¦ an old raincoat. It flaps around his legs in the wind. He makes the wind blow. His hair is blond. Almost white. It stands up all over his head. His eyes are so blue-electric blue.† Vickie licked her lips and swallowed, looking nauseated. â€Å"Blue is the color of death.† Thunder rumbled and cracked in the sky. Damon glanced up quickly, then frowned, eyes narrowed. â€Å"He’s tall. And he’s laughing. He’s reaching for me, laughing. But Sue screams ‘No, no’ and tries to pull me away. So he takes her instead. The window’s broken, and the balcony is right there. Sue’s crying ‘No, please.’ And then I watch him-I watch him throw her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Vickie’s breath was hitching, her voice rising hysterically. â€Å"Oh, please, no-Sue! Sue! Sue!† â€Å"Vickie, stay with me. Listen. I need just one more thing. Look at him. Tell me if he’s wearing a blue jewel-â€Å" But Vickie was whipping her head back and forth, sobbing, more hysterical each second. â€Å"No! No! I’m next! I’m next!† Suddenly, her eyes sprang open as she came out of the trance by herself, choking and gasping. Then her head jerked around. On the wall, a picture was rattling. It was picked up by the bamboo-framed mirror, then by perfume bottles and lipsticks on the dresser below. With a sound like popcorn, earrings began bursting from an earring tree. The rattling got louder and louder. A straw hat fell off a hook. Photos were showering down from the mirror. Tapes and CDs sprayed out of a rack and onto the floor like playing cards being dealt. Meredith was on her feet and so was Matt, fists clenched. â€Å"Make it stop! Make it stop!† Vickie cried wildly. But it didn’t stop. Matt and Meredith looked around as new objects joined the dance. Everything movable was shaking, jittering, swaying. It was as if the room were caught in an earthquake. â€Å"Stop! Stop!† shrieked Vickie, her hands over her ears. Directly above the house thunder exploded. Bonnie jumped violently as she saw the zigzag of lightning shoot across the sky. Instinctively she grabbed for something to hang on to. As the lightning bolt flared a poster on Vickie’s wall tore diagonally as if slashed by a phantom knife. Bonnie choked back a scream and clutched tighter. Then, as quickly as if someone had flicked a power switch off, all the noise stopped. Vickie’s room was still. The fringe on the bedside lamp swayed slightly. The poster had curled up in two irregular pieces, top and bottom. Slowly, Vickie lowered her hands from her ears. Matt and Meredith looked around rather shakily. Bonnie shut her eyes and murmured something like a prayer. It wasn’t until she opened them again that she realized what she had been hanging on to. It was the supple coolness of a leather jacket. It was Damon’s arm. He hadn’t moved away from her, though. He didn’t move now. He was leaning forward slightly, eyes narrowed, watching the room intently. â€Å"Look at the mirror,† he said. On the glass surface of the bamboo mirror two words were scrawled in Vickie’s hot coral lipstick. Goodnight, Sweetheart. â€Å"Oh, God,† Bonnie whispered. Stefan turned from the mirror to Vickie. There was something different about him, Bonnie thought-he was holding himself relaxed but poised, like a soldier who’s just gotten confirmation of a battle. It was as if he’d accepted a personal challenge of some kind. He took something out of his back pocket and unfolded it, revealing sprigs of a plant with long green leaves and tiny lilac flowers. â€Å"This is vervain, fresh vervain,† he said quietly, his voice even and intense. â€Å"I picked it outside Florence; it’s blooming there now.† He took Vickie’s hand and pressed the packet into it. â€Å"I want you to hold on to this and keep it. Put some in every room of the house, and hide pieces somewhere in your parents’ clothes if you can, so they’ll have it near them. As long as you have this with you, he can’t take over your mind. He can scare you, Vickie, but he can’t make you do anything, like open a window or door for him. And listen, Vickie, because this is important.† Vickie was shivering, her face crumpled. Stefan took both her hands and made her look at him, speaking slowly and distinctly. â€Å"If I’m right, Vickie, he can’t get in unless you let him. So talk to your parents. Tell them it’s important that they don’t ask any stranger inside the house. In fact, I can have Damon put that suggestion in their mind right now.† He glanced at Damon, who shrugged slightly and nodded, looking as if his attention was somewhere else. Self-consciously, Bonnie removed her hand from his jacket. Vickie’s head was bent over the vervain. â€Å"He’ll get in somehow,† she said softly, with terrible certainty. â€Å"No. Vickie, listen to me. From now on, we’re going to watch your house; we’re going to be waiting for him.† â€Å"It doesn’t matter,† Vickie said. â€Å"You can’t stop him.† She began to laugh and cry at the same time. â€Å"We’re going to try,† Stefan said. He looked at Meredith and Matt, who nodded. â€Å"Right. From this moment on, you will never be alone. There will always be one or more of us outside watching you.† Vickie just shook her bent head. Meredith gave her arm a squeeze and stood as Stefan tilted his head toward the window. When she and Matt joined him there, Stefan spoke to all of them in a low voice. â€Å"I don’t want to leave her unguarded, but I can’t stay myself right now. There’s something I have to do, and I need one of the girls with me. On the other hand, I don’t want to leave either Bonnie or Meredith alone here.† He turned to Matt. â€Å"Matt, will you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Everyone looked at him, startled. â€Å"Well, it’s the logical solution, isn’t it?† Damon seemed amused. â€Å"After all, what do you expect one of them to do against him anyway?† â€Å"They can call for me. I can monitor their thoughts that far,† Stefan said, not giving one inch. â€Å"Well,† Damon said whimsically, â€Å"I can call for you too, little brother, if I get into trouble. I’m getting bored with this investigation of yours anyway. I might as well stay here as anywhere.† â€Å"Vickie needs to be protected, not abused,† Stefan said. Damon’s smile was charming. â€Å"Her?† He nodded toward the girl who sat on the bed, rocking over the vervain. From disheveled hair to bare feet, Vickie was not a pretty picture. â€Å"Take my word for it, brother, I can do better than that.† For just an instant Bonnie thought those dark eyes flicked sideways toward her. â€Å"You’re always saying how you’d like to trust me, anyway,† Damon added. â€Å"Here’s your chance to prove it.† Stefan looked as if he wanted to trust, as if he were tempted. He also looked suspicious. Damon said nothing, merely smiled in that taunting, enigmatic way. Practically asking to be mistrusted, Bonnie thought. The two brothers stood looking at each other while the silence and the tension stretched out between them. Just then Bonnie could see the family resemblance in their faces, one serious and intense, the other bland and faintly mocking, but both inhumanly beautiful. Stefan let his breath out slowly. â€Å"All right,† he said quietly at last. Bonnie and Matt and Meredith were all staring at him, but he didn’t seem to notice. He spoke to Damon as if they were the only two people there. â€Å"You stay here, outside the house where you won’t be seen. I’ll come back and take over when I’m finished with what I’m doing.† Meredith’s eyebrows were in her hair, but she made no comment. Neither did Matt. Bonnie tried to quell her own feelings of unease. Stefan must know what he’s doing, she told herself. Anyway, he’d better. â€Å"Don’t take too long,† Damon said dismissively. And that was how they left it, with Damon blending in with the darkness in the shadow of the black walnut trees in Vickie’s backyard and Vickie herself in her room, rocking endlessly. In the car, Meredith said, â€Å"Where next?† â€Å"I need to test a theory,† said Stefan briefly. â€Å"That the killer is a vampire?† Matt said from the back, where he sat with Bonnie. Stefan glanced at him sharply. â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"That’s why you told Vickie not to invite anyone in,† Meredith added, not to be outdone in the reasoning department. Vampires, Bonnie remembered, couldn’t enter a place where humans lived and slept unless they were invited. â€Å"And that’s why you asked if the man was wearing a blue stone.† â€Å"An amulet against daylight,† Stefan said, spreading his right hand. On the third finger there was a silver ring set with lapis lazuli. â€Å"Without one of these, direct exposure to the sun kills us. If the murderer is a vampire, he keeps a stone like this somewhere on him.† As if by instinct, Stefan reached up to briefly touch something under his T-shirt. After a moment Bonnie realized what it must be. Elena’s ring. Stefan had given it to her in the first place, and after she died he’d taken it to wear on a chain around his neck. So that part of her would be with him always, he’d said. When Bonnie looked at Matt beside her, she saw his eyes were closed. â€Å"So how can we tell if he’s a vampire?† Meredith asked. â€Å"There’s only one way I can think of, and it isn’t very pleasant. But it’s got to be done.† Bonnie’s heart sank. If Stefan thought it wasn’t very pleasant, she was sure she was going to find it even less so. â€Å"What is it?† she said unenthusiastically. â€Å"I need to get a look at Sue’s body.† There was dead silence. Even Meredith, normally so unflappable, looked appalled. Matt turned away, leaning his forehead against the window glass. â€Å"You’ve got to be kidding,† Bonnie said. â€Å"I wish I were.† â€Å"But-for God’s sake, Stefan. We can’t. They won’t let us. I mean, what are we going to say? ‘Excuse me while I examine this corpse for holes’?† â€Å"Bonnie, stop it,† Meredith said. â€Å"I can’t help it,† Bonnie snapped back shakily. â€Å"It’s an awful idea. And besides, the police already checked her body. There wasn’t a mark on it except the cuts she got in the fall.† â€Å"The police don’t know what to look for,† Stefan said. His voice was steely. Hearing it brought something home to Bonnie, something she tended to forget. Stefan was one of them. One of the hunters. He’d seen dead people before. He might even have killed some. He drinks blood, she thought, and shuddered. â€Å"Well?† said Stefan. â€Å"Are you still with me?† Bonnie tried to make herself small in the backseat. Meredith’s hands were tight on the steering wheel. It was Matt who spoke, turning back from the window. Bonnie tried to make herself small in the backseat. Meredith’s hands were tight on the steering wheel. It was Matt who spoke, turning back from the window. â€Å"There’s a viewing of the body from seven to ten at the funeral home,† Meredith added, her voice low. â€Å"We’ll have to wait until after the viewing, then. After they close the funeral home, when we can be alone with her,† said Stefan. â€Å"This is the most gruesome thing I’ve ever had to do,† Bonnie whispered wretchedly. The funeral chapel was dark and cold. Stefan had sprung the locks on the outside door with a thin piece of flexible metal. The viewing room was thickly carpeted, its walls covered with somber oak panels. It would have been a depressing place even with the lights on. In the dark it seemed close and suffocating and crowded with grotesque shapes. It looked as if someone might be crouching behind each of the many standing flower arrangements. â€Å"I don’t want to be here,† Bonnie moaned. â€Å"Let’s just get it over with, okay?† Matt said through his teeth. When he snapped the flashlight on, Bonnie looked anywhere but where it was pointing. She didn’t want to see the coffin, she didn’t. She stared at the flowers, at a heart made of pink roses. Outside, thunder grumbled like a sleeping animal. â€Å"Let me get this open-here,† Stefan was saying. In spite of her resolve not to, Bonnie looked. The casket was white, lined with pale pink satin. Sue’s blond hair shone against it like the hair of a sleeping princess in a fairy tale. But Sue didn’t look as if she were sleeping. She was too pale, too still. Like a waxwork. Bonnie crept closer, her eyes fixed on Sue’s face. That’s why it’s so cold in here, she told herself staunchly. To keep the wax from melting. It helped a little. Stefan reached down to touch Sue’s high-necked pink blouse. He undid the top button. â€Å"For God’s sake,† Bonnie whispered, outraged. â€Å"What do you think we’re here for?† Stefan hissed back. But his fingers paused on the second button. Bonnie watched a minute and then made her decision. â€Å"Get out of the way,† she said, and when Stefan didn’t move immediately, she gave him a shove. Meredith drew up close to her and they formed a phalanx between Sue and the boys. Their eyes met with understanding. If they had to actually remove the blouse, the guys were going out. Bonnie undid the small buttons while Meredith held the light. Sue’s skin felt as waxy as it looked, cool against her fingertips. Awkwardly, she folded the blouse back to reveal a lacy white slip. Then she made herself push Sue’s shining gold hair off the pale neck. The hair was stiff with spray. â€Å"No,† said Stefan oddly. â€Å"But there’s something else. Look at this.† Gently, he reached around Bonnie to point out a cut, pale and bloodless as the skin around it, but visible as a faint line running from collarbone to breast. Over the heart. Stefan’s long finger traced the air above it and Bonnie stiffened, ready to smack the hand away if he touched. â€Å"What is it?† asked Meredith, puzzled. â€Å"A mystery,† Stefan said. His voice was still odd. â€Å"If I saw a mark like that on a vampire, it would mean the vampire was giving blood to a human. That’s how it’s done. Human teeth can’t pierce our skin, so we cut ourselves if we want to share blood. But Sue wasn’t a vampire.† â€Å"She certainly wasn’t!† said Bonnie. She tried to fight off the image her mind wanted to show her, of Elena bending to a cut like that on Stefan’s chest and sucking, drinking†¦ She shuddered and realized her eyes were shut. â€Å"Is there anything else you need to see?† she said, opening them. â€Å"No. That’s all.† Bonnie did up the buttons. She rearranged Sue’s hair. Then, while Meredith and Stefan eased the lid of the casket back down, she walked quickly out of the viewing room and to the outside door. She stood there, arms wrapped around herself. A hand touched her elbow lightly. It was Matt. â€Å"You’re tougher than you look,† he said. â€Å"Yes, well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She tried to shrug. And then suddenly she was crying, crying hard. Matt put his arms around her. â€Å"I know,† he said. Just that. Not â€Å"Don’t cry† or â€Å"Take it easy† or â€Å"Everything’s going to be all right.† Just â€Å"I know.† His voice was as desolate as she felt. â€Å"They’ve got hair spray in her hair,† she sobbed. â€Å"Sue never used hair spray. It’s awful.† Somehow, just then, this seemed the worst thing of all. He simply held her. After a while Bonnie got her breath. She found she was holding on to Matt almost painfully tightly and loosened her arms. â€Å"I got your shirt all wet,† she said apologetically, sniffling. â€Å"It doesn’t matter.† Something in his voice made her step back and look at him. He looked the way he had in the high school parking lot. So lost, so†¦ hopeless. â€Å"Matt, what is it?† she whispered. â€Å"Please.† â€Å"I’m not so sure.† Bonnie didn’t even think she wanted to. It was too scary. But she was overwhelmed by an urge to comfort him, to wipe that lost look from his eyes. â€Å"Matt, I-â€Å" â€Å"We’re finished,† Stefan said from behind them. As Matt looked toward the voice the lost look seemed to intensify. â€Å"Sometimes I think we’re all finished,† Matt said, moving away from Bonnie, but he didn’t explain what he meant by that. â€Å"Let’s go.† How to cite The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Six, Essay examples

Risk Management About Project - Myassignmenthelp.com

Risk Management is now a mainstream activity and not simply a process buried deeply in project management. Peter Campbell, 2012 Discuss this statement and the implications for project management. In this assignment you should consider the theoretical concepts of risk management in relation to projects and discuss the practical implementation of them. Refer to your experience and/or the literature to link your discussion to cases and examples. You should demonstrate the learning outcomes of the unit which in the main are to: Understand key challenges in the application of Risk Management both at project/operational and strategic/corporate levels. Formulate appropriate Risk Management strategies and plans in order to develop and embed effective project risk models, mitigation and contingency plans for appropriate action. 1. Introduction: Risks will exist in each dimension of the business, but management of the project pains are mainly responsive for minimizing and identifying the potential risk so for completing the project it is not risk. Effective management of the risk strategies will permit to recognize the threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths of the project. Through planning for events which are unanticipated, it will be prepared to react. To make sure that success of project, describe how we will hold the risks of potential so we will avoid the problem mitigate and identify when we require it. Project managers for successful will distinguish that management of risk is significant, due to attaining the goals of project will depend on project planning, project preparation, project evaluation and results that supply for attaining strategic goals. Management of the Risk is the part of integral for management of project: This is regarding maximizing success chance Management of Risk is regarding minimizing the failure chance, and opportunity maximizing Each decision which engage the choice between the choices which are less risky Individual frames of the reference will decide our appetite risk or how seeking the risk or reluctant Everyone has the dissimilar risk level of acceptance Are you functioning on projects which are risky? Do you desire to keep the projects from damaging belongings of related risks, environmental, cultural, social and financial? Did you desire to produce additional revenues during the project? If the answer is yes then we should execute management of risk. In this scenario, because conditions which are poor economic and competitions which are tough organizations will face many risks at many time. Though, the scope of risks may differ but risks will be usually affecting the project productivity. Management of Risk is only technique to stay secure from unpleasant effects of risks of project. 2. Evolution of the Risk Evolution of Risk is the team of the markets of financial for professionals who determined on giving the edge of cutting derivatives for models of pricing to auditors which are active, brokers, investors which are sophisticated and traders in rate of interest for derivatives, exchange for foreign, indices markets for equity and futures. Management of Risk Evolution have spent more than 20 years in the derivatives of the financial and software of derivatives. In 2007 Evolution of Risk will be founded which will originally construct the business for consulting that would cultivate into the both business for consulting and product over time. Evolution of Risk will be introducing its first chief product line which is known as "Reflex" in Q2 of 2014. 3. 10 Golden Rules You will increase the lot of the money which you will deal with unsure events and project in the manner which is practical. The consequence will reduce the project impact intimidation and snatch the occasions which happen. These permit you to distribute plan on the time, on the budget and through results of superiority the demands of project sponsor. 3.1 Rule 1: Make Management of Risk Part of the Project The primary regulation is necessary to management of risk of achievement of plan. If it don't really implant administration of risk in the project, you will not harvest whole approach benefits. We can meet techniques of faulty number in industries. Few projects will use no technique whatsoever to management of risk. 3.2 Rule 2: Recognize Risks Untimely in the Project The initial step in management of project of risk to recognize the risks those are there in the project. This needs a mindset which is open which will focus on prospect scenarios which may happen. Two major sources survive to recognize paper, people and risks. People will be member of team which bring beside their personal expertise and experiences. 3.3 Rule 3: Communicate About the Risks The technique which is good is to constantly comprise communication of risk in tasks which will carry out. If the meeting of team make risks part of the project of evasion agenda.Another significant communication line is that manager of scheme and plan principal or sponsor. Spotlight the efforts of communication on big risks and ensure revelation the customer or boss! 3.4 Rule 4: Believe Both Opportunities and Threats Risks of plan have the unenthusiastic suggestion: they are "the guys which are bad" that will damage the project. Though techniques for modern risk will focus on the risks which are positive, the opportunities of project. These are events which are unsure which will be helpful to the organization and project. 3.5 Rule 5: Explain the Issues of Ownership Ownership will exists on next level. If the threat of project will occurs, somebody has to disburse bill. These logical sound, but in a matter you have to tackle before risk happen. Particularly if dissimilar units of business, suppliers and departments are concerned in the project, it happens too significant who tolerates the penalty and has unfilled the wallet. A significant effect side of descriptive the effects of risk ownership, is that managers of line will begin to attention for pay to the project, particularly when lot of money is at stake. 3.6 Rule 6: The Prioritise of Risks The manager of project tells me that "I indulgence all risks uniformly." This constructs existence of the project actually simple. Though, it doesn't distribute the top consequences probable. Few dangers have the greatest collision. Consequently, you improved expend the time on risks which cause the highest gains and losses. Ensure if we have showstoppers the plan that disrupt the project. 3.7 Rule 7: Analyse of Risks Analysis of Risk happens at dissimilar levels. If we want to appreciate the risk at an entity level is most productive to believe about the belongings and the reasons that can construct it occur. Looking at belongings, you can explain what belongings take place instantly after the risk happen and what belongings occur as the consequence of the main belongings or because occasion intervenes. 3.8 Rule 8: Implement and Plan Risk the Responses Implementing the response of risk is the motion that really adds worth to the project. It avoid the hazard happening or reduce effects which are negative. This will support to make the sound response plan of risk which will focus on big wins. 3.9 Rule 9: Register for Risks of Project The superior risk log will contain description of risks, clarifies issues of ownership and enable to carry the basic analysis with observe to effects and causes. Most managers of project aren't actually affectionate of errands of administrative, except performance bookkeeping with observes to dangers pays off, particularly if risks quantity is large. Few managers of plan don't desire to evidence dangers, due to which they experience which constructs it easier to guilt them in container when things go wrong. 3.10 Rule 10: Associated Tasks and Track Risks Risks tracking will be different from tasks of tracking. It spotlight on the present circumstances of dangers. Which dangers are additional probable to occur? Has the comparative significance of dangers distorted? 3.10.1 Systemic risk The collapse of risk of a whole system of financial or whole marketplace as opposite to danger connected with any of the personality thing, component or group of the organization, which can be restricted within without damage the entire organization. Risk of Systemic will not be puzzled with risk of price or market as the later is precise to the item being sold or bought and the belongings of danger of market are inaccessible to entities which are commerce in precise item. This type of danger can be alleviating by prevarication a speculation by incoming into the reflect operate. Insurance is very simple to get beside "risks which are systemic" due to which the party concern that indemnity can compartment the premiums, matter extras to shareholders, penetrate collapse measures if the disastrous occasion still takes position, and conceal following incomplete responsibility. Few insurance, though, is not effectual for the indemnify article. 3.11 Key Challenges to Conduct Management of risk There are seven key challenges that our clients faced, and are solving these with StratexPoint. These are: 3.11.1 Managing and embedding Governance: Perhaps one of the biggest failings that has come to light in the financial services industry since the credit crunch has been the failure of governance within many firms. This was evident immediately after the credit crunch when the realisation dawned on the industry that Boards and executives had agreed strategies and taken major business decisions without being fully informed or aware of the amount of risk they had committed the firm to taking. Ineffective board oversight and challenge and other governance weaknesses have been identified as major contributory factors in the near total meltdown of the global financial services industry. 3.11.2 Definition of the Business Model: With the creation of the FCA, there is an increased focus on the firms business model and the importance of creating a business model that was based on fair customer outcomes. Given recent industry scandals such as the mis-selling of PPI, the mis-selling on interest default swaps and Libor it is not surprising that the new regulator is going to be interested in a firms business model and the sustainability of the business model without relying on unsafe sales practices or fine print containing expected charges. The level of concern around the business model is such that at the heart of the new Firm Systematic Framework (FSF), is the business model and strategy analysis (BMSA) process. 3.11.3 Definition and execution of the Strategy: A central tenant of the FCAs approach to regulation is to ensure that firms put market integrity and the interests of customers at the heart of their business strategy. The emphasis is reinforced by the Firm Systematic Framework (FSF), at the heart of which is the Business model and strategy analysis (BMSA). 3.11.4 Enabling and embedding Conduct Management of risk: With the creation of the FCA, there will be many executives and management of risk professionals that take the view that Conduct Management of risk will require a new set of processes and procedures, more resources etc. We take a different view. We believe that Conduct Management of risk is best delivered as simply a part of the firms existing Enterprise Management of risk (ERM) framework and process. This of course assumes that an existing ERM framework is in place, effective and embedded and it addresses key aspects of governance and strategy in an integrated way. 3.11.5 Process Management, and specifically New Product Development, Sales and Post-Sales Aftercare: To start with, StratexPoint is a SharePoint application therefore once deployed it becomes part of the every day working environment. This enables all staff to interact with various SharePoint sites to undertake business as usual activities, one of which would be the management of risk site via the StratexPoint. This deployment approach means that management of risk quickly becomes a business as usual process which is completed in a system with a familiar user interface, familiar navigation approach and everything in the system is by default personalised to the individual user. 3.11.6 Product level performance and management of risk: One of the powers that the FCA has been granted which was not available to the FSA is the power to intervene early in the product development process and to challenge firms to ensure that all products deliver good customer outcomes. Additionally the FCA will be much quicker than the FSA in making public their investigations, or even their intentions to investigate a firm or a specific product. Additionally, as some of the recent scandals such as the PPI has shown, products often have a long shelf life and poor customer outcomes may only arise years after products have been on sale. Also while the performance of individual products is routinely monitored over time, firms often do not track risks over time. 3.11.7 Conduct incident reporting and analysis: The risk events capability within the StratexPoint solution is workflow driven with the ability to route an event through a workflow process which includes the following steps; 3.11.7.1 Event Registration 3.11.7.2 Event Estimation 3.11.7.3 Event Investigation 3.11.7.4 Event Root Cause Analysis 3.11.7.5 Event Resolution 3.11.7.6 Approval 3.11.7.7 Reconciliation 4. About Management of risk Organization of the risk is essentially a technique where we discover recognize, analyze and alleviate the dangers which can influence the project. An organization of risk is a significant element of organization of plan which if complete economically guide to the achievement of the project. Organization of the risk is an act arrangement which will consists of a variety of ladder which is complete to make sure the risk removal. If we are commerce with unmanageable risk then we can put such an act arrangement which can reduce the consequence of the risks as we cannot completely get purge of few risks. Organization of risk is completed by managers of risk who are healthy conscious of the risks which are connected with scrupulous commerce or project and various conduct to alleviate them. As the period of multitasking, different association also anticipate managers of project to be managers of risk as well. In detail, management of numbers which are huge of institutions of project are management of risk donation courses for the managers of the project. The courses will not support to identify the nature and types of the risks of the project but also different methods to used to agreement with the risks. The mitigation of risk method is used which will depend on personality of risk of project which will faced by the team so we should be extremely cautious in embryonic the plan of action for hostility beside risks. Management of the risk is a quintessence of organization of the project. It raises the probability of the accomplishment up to the extent which is great. Below are few of the advantages of embryonic and executing a resourceful management of risk arrangement while functioning on the project. Supports to keep away from the huge tragedy Improves the revenues by just saving the expenses Gives the psychological contentment Make sure the victorious achievement of the project Provides the edge of competitive over the others Raises the intelligence of accountability and answerability Supports to discover fresh opportunities Risks survive in each measurement of commerce, but management of the project will labours are mainly responsive to recognize and reducing the potential of the risk so completion of the project is not put at risk. Effectual management of the risk approach permit to recognize the strengths of the projects threats, opportunities and weaknesses. By preparation for unanticipated proceedings, we will be prepared to react if they occur. To make sure the achievement of project, describe how we will support the risks of potential so that we can recognize, alleviate or keep away from issues when we require it. Victorious managers of project will distinguish that management of the risk is significant, due to which we attain the goals of the projects will depends on the evaluation, results, preparation and planning which will donate to attaining the goals which are strategic. 4.1 Project Objectives for Management of risk When the management of project players determines the goals of the project, it will recognize all risks which will potentially intimidate the accomplishment of the objectives. The methodical analysis of risk can support you to decide the obstructions to accomplishment and invent possibility plans. To make sure that the projects will run effortlessly, effectual managers of the project will converse their plan to sponsors of the project, stakeholders and the members of the team. This sets opportunity to communities who give backing and are exaggerated by outcomes. It will make sure that the project will run effortlessly so that the steps will earnings to another without disturbance. By recognize, keep away from and commerce with risks which are potential in move forward, you make sure that the employees which can react efficiently when confront appear and need interference. 4.2 Plans for Management of risk Management of the project teams frequently expand the management of risk strategy that provide to recognize risks, manage conduct to reduce or keep away from the risks and expand emergency strategy in case of the risks happen and delay the completion of project. Management of the risk tactics supply to success of project by creates the list which is internal and risks which are external. These plans classically comprise the recognized risks, possibility of incidence, impact which is potential and actions which are proposed. Risks which are low proceedings typically have little or no collision on performance, schedule or cost. Reasonable risk reason some raise in cost, schedule disruption or performance of degradation. Risks which are high proceedings are probable to reason a important raise in budget, disturbance of schedule or issues with performance. 4.3 Types Of risks There are many kinds of risks, but management of project teams usually assign risks into two main categories: internal and external risks. From here, a team can further sort risks into categories, such as financial, technical, political or related to resources or manufacturing. 4.4 Benefits of the Risks Risks can harm projects. They will raise costs of the project by surroundings back by the projects. By encompass management of the plan of the risk in position, management of the teams of the project which can organized to agreement with the risks if it will happen and effort to alleviate the risks but they will injure the project. Effectual management of the risk approach allows the corporation to take advantage of profits and reducing the expenses on behavior which we dont create the investment of return. Through detailed analysis, effective leaders prioritize ongoing work based on the results produced, despite the odds. 4.5 Considerations and Conclusion Some management of project teams hire risk managers or consultants to help them identify risks to their projects. It can help to have an outside perspective to ensure a risk assessment is comprehensive and factors everything in. To evaluate your projects success so you can use the best practices on your next project, assess the impact of your activities on mitigating exposure to problems and exploiting opportunities that capitalize on your companys strengths. For example, if you develop and deliver a training program that creates awareness about internet security, including phishing, viruses and identity theft, measure the number of help desk calls received about these problems. 5 References: Tara Duggan, 2014, Why is Risk Management important to Project Success? Mehwish Majeed, 2012, Risk Management: An Important Part of Project Management Society for Risk Analysis, "About the Society for Risk Analysis" S. Arendt, D K. Lorenzo,Evaluating Process Safety in the Chemical Industry(2010), p. 2. Hossein Bidgoli,Handbook of Information Security, Threats, Vulnerabilities, Prevention, Detection, and Management(2006), p. 951. Michael S. Dobson, Deborah Singer Dobson,Project Risk and Cost Analysis(2011), p. 49. Doug Hubbard (1998). "Hurdling Risk". CIO Magazine. Hiram, E. C., PerenClement Index, 2012. Roebuck, K.: Risk Management Standards, 2011. Wankel, C.: Encyclopedia of Business in Today's World, 2009. 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"Personality Structure: Emergence of the Five-Factor Model". Eysenck M. W. (1992) Anxiety and The Cognitive Perspective Nicholson, N., Soane, E., Fenton-O'Creevy, M., Willman, P. (2005). "Personality and domain specific risk taking" McCrae, R., Costa, P.T. (1997) Conceptions and correlates of Openness to Experience Kowert, P.A., Hermann, M.G. (1997). "Who takes risks? Daring and caution in foreign policy making" Geoff Trickey (2011), Risk Types. OP Matters Fischer, Michael Daniel; Ferlie, Ewan (1 January 2013). "Resisting hybridisation between modes of clinical risk management: Contradiction, contest, and the production of intractable conflict" Covello, Vincent T.; Allen., Frederick H. (April 1988).Seven Cardinal Rules of Risk Communication Craig Taylor and Erik VanMarcke, ed. (2002).Acceptable Risk Processes: Lifelines and Natural Hazards Cortada, James W. (2003-12-04).The Digital Hand: How Computers Changed the Work of American Manufacturing, Transportation, and Retail Industries. Lam, J.,Enterprise Risk Management: From Incentives to Controls(2003) Peter Simon and David Hillson,Practical Risk Management: The ATOM Methodology(2012) Lev Virine and Michael Trumper,Project Decisions: The Art and Science(2007) Michael Trumper,ProjectThink: Why Good Managers Make Poor Project Choices(2013) Wideman, R.M.Project and Program Risk Management(1992)